Objective. To analyze the role of cell-mediated immunity in development of complications after breast reconstruction in patients with breast cancer.

Material and methods. We studied cell-mediated immunity in wound and axillary fluid of 46 breast cancer patients within 7 days after implantation of a textured (TI) and polyurethane implant (PUI). Populations and subpopulations of immune cells were analyzed in peripheral blood and wound discharge using flow cytometry.

Results. We found similar changes in cellular parameters for both implants. Higher content of cytotoxic CD8+-lymphocytes, NK-lymphocytes, and NKT-lymphocytes underlies development of scar tissue within the first postoperative week after TI implantation.

Conclusion. Regarding local immunity, TIs look more favorable compared to PUIs. PUI suppresses local immunity that can further increase the likelihood of local recurrence.

Keywords. breast cancer, skin-sparing mastectomy, implants, capsular contracture, central and local cellular immunity